Particle

at; in; on

indicates place or time

to; toward; into; for

indicates direction

to; for; in order to

indicates purpose

because of; for; with; by; due to

indicates reason or cause

marks the target of an action; marks the recipient of an action

e.g. 友達～伝える

marks the outcome of a change; marks the result of an action

as in 大人～なる

as (i.e. in the role of; e.g. as a teacher, as a gift); for (as in "in return for"); on (i.e. on the occasion of); from (e.g. the perspective of)

see として

by; from

indicates place of departure or origin of action

per; in; for; a (as in "once a month")

with; to

marks the thing being compared to, or taken as a basis

concerning; regarding; on (as in "knowledgeable on"); in; for (as in "suitable for"); as for; about

indicates relation or domain

indicates manner of action; indicates a state

e.g. ず～, 仰向け～, 一足飛び～see ずにsee 一足飛びに

by; with; using; via

indicates means of actionsee で

marks the item of a decision; marks the thing being decided on

as ～する (or ～決める)

forms a honorific verb

after a noun or the -masu stem of a verb; as（お／ご）...～なるsee ご覧になるsee お見えになる

indicates that an action is happening intensively; emphaticizes an action

after the -masu stem of a verb, followed by the same verb

and; in addition to

as ...に...（に）etc.

I did ..., but; while it is true that ...; though there may be ...

as する～はするが, where する is any repeated verb; indicates concession

indicates respect toward the subject of the sentence

Honorific or respectful (sonkeigo) languageas ～は, or ～も; e.g. 皆様～はsee には

at; in

Formal or literary termindicates location of actionsee で

Particle, Conjunction

I can't ..., even if I wanted to

as する～できない or しよう～もできない, where する is any repeated verb; e.g. 泣く～泣けない or 泣こう～も泣けない

although there should be ...; even though one would expect ...

as ...（よう／う）～

when; if; on (e.g. reflection)

mostly limited to set phrases in modern Japanesesee 思うにsee 要するに

although; despite; even though; and yet

dated or dialectalsee のに

because; as; since; so

Archaic