to examine sth to determine its authenticity, quality, value etc; to appraise; to evaluate; to authenticate

appraisal; verification; authentication; forensic investigation

annual report; yearbook; almanac

to differentiate; to distinguish

to draw on (others' experience); to learn from (how others do things); lesson to be learned (by observing others)

paternity or maternity test

variant of 鑑|鉴[jian4]

seal impression; stamp; mark from a seal serving as signature

to judge; to examine; to evaluate

illustrated handbook

to examine deeply; to inspect closely

evaluation; assessment

to appreciate (a work of art)

(formal) (used in a submitted document) please review; for your kind consideration

to appraise; appraisal; valuation

lesson from events of the past; warning

(computing) authentication

in light of this

Jianzhen or Ganjin (688-763), Tang dynastic Buddhist monk, who crossed to Japan after several unsuccessful attempts, influential in Japanese Buddhism

to identify; to detect

to appreciate (as a connoisseur)

to inspect videos and other media for pornographic content

connoisseur; appreciative person; fan

content moderator specializing in pornographic material (both online and offline)

lit. warning to the following cart (idiom); don't follow the track of an overturned cart; fig. draw lesson from the failure of one's predecessor; learn from past mistake; once bitten twice shy

A Mirror for the Wise Ruler (or Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government), a vast chronological general history, written by 司馬光|司马光[Si1 ma3 Guang1] Sima Guang (1019-1089) and collaborators during the Northern Song in 1084, covering the period 403 BC-959 AD, 294 scrolls

Longkan Shoujian, Chinese character dictionary from 997 AD containing 26,430 entries, with radicals placed into 240 rhyme groups and arranged according to the four tones, and the rest of the characters similarly arranged under each radical

to learn from history (idiom)

(lit.) a warning taken from the overturned cart ahead (idiom); (fig.) lesson learned from past mistakes or failures

to take a lesson from (an adverse experience)

Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher (published once in 1844 by Karl Marx and bourgeois radical Arnold Ruge)

in view of this; to this end

lit. oily and shiny to the point of reflecting (idiom); lustrous

to observe the past to foresee the future (idiom, taken loosely from Book of Songs); studying ancient wisdom gives insight into what is to come

Jianzhen or Ganjin (688-763), Tang Buddhist monk, who crossed to Japan after several unsuccessful attempts, influential in Japanese Buddhism

DNA test; DNA testing

lit. the cart in front overturns, a warning to the following cart (idiom); fig. draw lesson from the failure of one's predecessor; learn from past mistake; once bitten twice shy

National Commission for the Identification of Cultural Heritage