(bound form) self; oneself; from; since; naturally; as a matter of course

personally; in person; oneself

alone

each; respective; apiece

to come from

without permission

to originate from

private; personal; secretly; without explicit approval

inwardly; to oneself; secretly

to evolve from

abbr. for 三自愛國教會|三自爱国教会[San1 zi4 Ai4 guo2 Jiao4 hui4], Three-Self Patriotic Movement

(literary) still; yet

always; always regardless (of anything)

without leave; without consulting anyone

(literary) still; yet

see 蒙自市[Meng2 zi4 Shi4]

on one's own; without consulting others

each minding his own business

there is a reason for it; (of sth) not incidental