non-Han people, esp. to the East of China; barbarians; to wipe out; to exterminate; to tear down; to raze

Eastern Barbarians, non-Han tribe living to the east of China c 2200 BC

to deteriorate; to decline; to slump; also written 陵夷

to repel the barbarians

smiling genially; to beam

Emishi or Ebisu, ethnic group of ancient Japan, thought to be related to modern Ainus

common term for non-Han peoples in former times, not exclusively derogatory; barbarian

invaders (insulting term); foreign aggressors

to despise; to look down on; to feel contempt for

to deteriorate; to decline; to slump; also written 凌夷

to use foreigners to subdue foreigners (idiom); let the barbarians fight it out among themselves (traditional policy of successive dynasties); Use Western science and technology to counter imperialist encroachment. (late Qing modernizing slogan)

to turn peril into safety (idiom); to avert disaster

lit. to make one's way through a dangerous pass as if walking on level ground (idiom); fig. to handle a crisis effortlessly

"learn from the foreigners in order to gain command of them", idea advocated by Wei Yuan 魏源[Wei4 Yuan2]