must; have to

hematite Fe2O3

Mt Meru or Sumeru, sacred mountain in Buddhist and Jain tradition; Mt Xumi in Guyuan 固原[Gu4 yuan2], Ningxia, with many Buddhist cave statues

key information; instructions; it must be borne in mind

in a flash; in a jiffy

to have to; must; compulsory; necessarily

beard; CL:根[gen1],綹|绺[liu3]

need not; not obliged to; not necessarily

tentacles; feelers; antennae

to shave (facial hair)