once; already; former; previously; ever; (past tense marker used before verb or clause)

father's father's father; paternal great-grandfather

just a while before; not so long ago; everyone can remember when..

father's father's mother; paternal great-grandmother

Zeng Shen (505-435 BC), a.k.a. 曾子[Zeng1 zi3], student of Confucius, presumed editor or author of Confucian classic the Great Learning 大學|大学[Da4 xue2]

hasn't yet; hasn't ever

hasn't (or haven't); hasn't ever

did I ever ...? (or "did he ever ...?" etc)