to level; to raze to the ground

to level; to raze to the ground

to massacre

expansive; level and broad; broad-minded

name of an ancient barbarian country, possibly Taiwan

Hawaii, US state

to deteriorate; to decline; to slump; also written 陵夷

to repel the barbarians

Eastern Barbarians, non-Han tribe living to the east of China c 2200 BC

smiling genially; to beam