NounEbisu; god of fishing and commerce

Nounpeoples formerly of northern Japan with distinct language and culture (i.e. the Ainu) · provincial (i.e. a person who lives far from the city) · brutish, unsophisticated warrior (esp. used by Kyoto samurai to refer to samurai from eastern Japan)

Nounbarbarian

Nounland of the barbarians

Nounbarbarian; savage · foreigner

Nounbarbaric custom; barbarian custom

Nounbarbarians; aliens

Nounsavages; barbarians

Nounexpulsion of foreigners

Nouncrude warrior from the eastern parts of Japan; wild man

Nounwarrior from the eastern parts of Japan · eastern barbarians; people east of China (from the perspective of China)

Nounkobus magnolia (Magnolia kobus)

Noundefeating barbarians (esp. the Emishi); conquering barbarians

NounFour Barbarians (non-Chinese peoples bordering ancient China)

Nounwillow-leafed magnolia (Magnolia salicifolia); anise magnolia

Nounsicklepod (Senna obtusifolia)

Noun(in China) 9th note of the ancient chromatic scale (approx. A sharp) · seventh lunar month

NounChina and foreign countries (from the perspective of China); civilized land and uncivilized land

Nounburning (something) away; burning (something) down

NounEmishi allied with the central government (ritsuryō period)

NounJapanese soldierfish (Ostichthys japonicus)

Nounincendiary bomb; firebomb

NounYezo spruce (Picea jezoensis); Jezo spruce

NounChina aster (Callistephus chinensis); Chinese aster; annual aster

Nounprinciple of excluding foreigners (late Edo period)

NounHokkaido wolf (Canis lupus hattai, extinct)

NounHokkaido brown bear (Ursus arctos yesoensis)

NounYezo (northern part of Meiji-era Japan, esp. Hokkaido, but also Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands) · Edo-period realm of the Ainu (as opposed to the Japanese) comprising most of Hokkaido

NounHokkaido sika (Cervus nippon yesoensis); Yezo sika

Nounupasika (devout female lay follower of Buddhism)

Nounparajika (rules entailing expulsion from the sangha for life)

NounMiddendorf's whelk (Buccinum middendorffi)

Nounappearing rustic · ancient song played at the court · comical tanka

Nounyellow-winged darter (Sympetrum flaveolum)

NounLyristes japonicus (species of cicada)

NounJapanese hackberry (Celtis jessoensis); Jesso hackberry

NounViola eizanensis (flower in the violet family)

Nounloyalty to the emperor and expulsion of the foreigners

Nounrevere the Emperor, expel the (Western) barbarians

Nounsmiling face

Nounfete in honor of Ebisu (honour)

Nounthe barbarians beyond the borders of old China

Nounbarbarians to the east and to the west (from the perspective of old China)

Nounsargent cherry (Prunus sargentii)

Nounhazel grouse (Bonasa bonasia)

NounPteromys volans orii (subspecies of the Siberian flying squirrel, endemic to Hokkaido)

NounJapanese sable (subspecies of sable native to Hokkaido, Martes zibellina brachyura)

Nounstar magnolia (Magnolia stellata)

NounHokkaido squirrel (subspecies of red squirrel, Sciurus vulgaris orientis)